Why do I need gravel on my outdoor arena?

If you have an arena that seems just fine during the summer but gets slippery during the winter, chances are you need to apply gravel. Any riding arena, whether indoors or out, should basically be built as if it were a parking lot. The only difference in preparation between indoors and outdoors is the amount of slope for rainwater runoff. In many areas of Europe, they actually pave the surface before applying footing. The amount of pressure a horse exerts on the land beneath its hoofs is tremendous, and if the ground beneath the footing is not properly prepared and compacted, the arena is destined for a short lifespan.

Safety, usability in all weather conditions, and longevity should be paramount concerns when building an arena. The cost and effort involved in arena construction can be quite substantial, and it would be wise to make sure you don't have to go through the process twice. In wet areas of the country, such as the Pacific Northwest, this becomes even more crucial. The type of gravel that should be applied varies according to local availability. Anything that will compact to a smooth surface, hold up well over time and does not become slippery in wet weather can be used. 5/8 minus gravel is ideal in most situations. 3/8 minus would be better yet, since it compacts to an almost pavement like surface, but it can be difficult to obtain. The material should be applied to a depth of no less than four inches, which ensures that the earth beneath the gravel will stay beneath the gravel and not get mixed into it.

If your budget allows, it would be very wise to hire a contractor who specializes in horse arena construction, or at least consult with one. These are people who know what a horse can do to a riding surface, and through experience with local climate conditions and their past successful projects will be able to leave you with a safe, long lasting, enjoyable area to ride upon. They can usually both prepare the surface with gravel and  supply you with a locally obtained footing, such as washed sand or cedar chips. Always ask for and check references - this is a big project, and it is worth your time to do it right.

Arena preparation...